International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archive

Viral Infection Prevention and Control Precautions

2024-04-13T09:12:04+00:00

This review article mainly focused on the prevention and control precautions of viral disease which continue to cause considerable the morbidity and the mortality around the world. Prevention included: Primary preventions such as vaccination, pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis, reduction of viral exposure, hygiene/disinfection, screening of blood products, raising awareness/counseling and secondary prevention such as treatment of infected people, identification and counseling of infected people, and diagnosis of infected people. In control and precautions included avoiding sexual contact with HIV-infected individuals, avoiding drug abuse, screening of blood before transfusion, using condoms during sexual contact, avoiding contaminated syringe and needles, wash hands as needed, and maintain personal hygiene.

Curcumin Liposomal Formulations as Potential Therapeutics for Canine Osteoarthritis

2024-04-13T09:17:22+00:00

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifaceted joint disorder affecting various structures, including articular cartilage, peri-articular bone, synovial joint lining, and connective tissues. This degenerative condition manifests as joint pain, stiffness, reduced mobility, and functional decline, impacting both dogs and humans globally. Risk factors include breed predispositions, joint diseases, higher body weight, and age. The current clinical approaches aim at symptom management and disease progression delay, with limited curative methods available. Nanoparticle (NPs)-based drug delivery systems, particularly curcumin liposomal formulations, show promise in OA treatment. Liposomes, lipid-based NPs, provide targeted drug distribution, extended-release, and enhanced retention in affected joints. Curcumin, a tetraterpenoid, exhibits anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Despite its efficacy, poor oral bioavailability led to the development of curcumin NPs to enhance therapeutic impact. Intra-articular administration of curcumin, especially in the form of curcumin monoglucuronide, addresses challenges associated with low hydrophilicity, demonstrating effectiveness in suppressing cartilage degeneration in OA. While non-encapsulated curcumin exhibits efficacy, its limited bioavailability prompts innovative approaches like curcumin NPs. The combination of curcumin with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or chondroprotective agents enhances anti-inflammatory effects, minimizing adverse reactions. Studies support curcumin’s multifaceted therapeutic potential, promoting chondrogenic differentiation and inhibiting inflammatory mediators. This comprehensive review provides insights into canine OA treatment, emphasizing curcumin liposomal formulations as a promising avenue for informed decision-making in veterinary practice.

How Noodle Delineation Influences the Urine pH

2024-04-13T09:20:58+00:00

The intent of the present study was to associate the urine pH with the noodles rendering. The pH of urine is acidic, alkaline, or neutral. If the pH of your urine is less than seven, the pH is acidic. If the pH is more than seven, the pH shows alkalinity. However, if the pH is seven, the pH is neutral. The pH in the body is maintained by the kidney. The glomerular filtrate of blood is usually acidified by the kidneys from a pH of approximately 7.4 to a pH of about 6 in urine. Normally, the pH in our body is maintained by the kidney primarily through the reabsorption of sodium, hydrogen, and ammonium ions. If the amount of sodium is more than the pH of urine, it is acidic. If the amount of bicarbonate-carbonic acid is excess, the pH of urine is basic or alkali. Noodles are mostly used in China as a most favorite dish. Noodles are a good source of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and lipids. It is closured from the present study that there is no influence of noodle delineation on urine pH.

A Randomized Open Label Parallel Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Clevira Tablets against Influenza Viruses

2024-04-25T08:56:26+00:00

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of Clevira tablets in Human adult patients, with Influenza A&B and Vital flu. Methods: This study was an open label, balanced, randomized, multi-dose, two-treatment, parallel, and comparative Phase III clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of Clevira Tablets. Twenty patients were enrolled and received Clevira Tablet along with Standard Treatment for Influenza A&B and other respiratory viral infections. Enrollment was based on the diagnosis of hematology, biochemistry, serology, RT-PCR, and chest X-ray and inclusion, and none of the exclusion criteria and included in the study. Results: All the patients demonstrated safety measures with respect to blood pressure and pulse rate. Furthermore, statistically significant (P < 0.0001) improvement showed in temperature from baseline (102.03 ± 0.64) and at the end of the study period (98.14 ± 0.70). Conclusion: The study demonstrated an expedited clinical cure with normal vital signs and hematological results which validated that Clevira is safe and efficacious in patients with Influenza A&B and Viral flu. The data further entrusted that Clevira can be used in infected patients with Influeza A&B and Viral Flu, and relieve the signs and symptoms, with a rapid recovery, without any adverse side effects.

Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patches of Nitrendipine Eudragit RLPO and RSPO Using Rate Controlling Polymers

2024-04-22T08:46:48+00:00

This study aims at formulation evaluation of nitrendipine transdermal patch to mitigate hypertension. In total, six formulations of transdermal patches were prepared, and they were evaluated for various parameters.